Household debt (loans) i
31 countries with data for 2025 · Frequency: Annual · Unit: % of GDP · Basic
Source: Eurostat (nasa_10_f_bs), retrieved 2026-10-16 · View on Eurostat · See technical sheet
EU2749.3%
Euro area50.4%
Spain42.9% 16 of 31
Simple average47.5%
Highest · 
Switzerland123.0%
Switzerland123.0%Lowest · 
Türkiye10.0%
Türkiye10.0%Trend
Add or remove countries from the legend. Eurostat data, not seasonally adjusted unless stated.
Country ranking
| # | Country | Value | Year-on-year change | EU27 rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| · |  European Union (27) | 49.3% | -0.4 pp | — |
| · | Euro area (21) | 50.4% | -0.4 pp | — |
| · | Euro area (20, until 2025) | 50.6% | -0.4 pp | — |
| 1 | Türkiye | 10.0% | +0.6 pp | — |
| 2 |  Romania | 12.5% | 0.0 pp | 1/27 |
| 3 |  Hungary | 18.2% | +1.0 pp | 2/27 |
| 4 |  Latvia | 19.6% | +0.7 pp | 3/27 |
| 5 |  Poland | 22.0% | -0.6 pp | 4/27 |
| 6 |  Lithuania | 23.8% | +1.9 pp | 5/27 |
| 7 |  Slovenia | 24.6% | +0.5 pp | 6/27 |
| 8 |  Ireland | 25.4% | +1.9 pp | 7/27 |
| 9 |  Bulgaria | 28.2% | +2.6 pp | 8/27 |
| 10 |  Croatia | 31.3% | +1.1 pp | 9/27 |
| 11 |  Czechia | 31.5% | +0.6 pp | 10/27 |
| 12 |  Italy | 35.9% | -0.1 pp | 11/27 |
| 13 |  Greece | 38.0% | -1.0 pp | 12/27 |
| 14 |  Estonia | 39.3% | +1.1 pp | 13/27 |
| 15 |  Austria | 41.0% | -1.3 pp | 14/27 |
| 16 |  Spain | 42.9% | -0.7 pp | 15/27 |
| 17 |  Slovakia | 44.1% | +0.8 pp | 16/27 |
| 18 |  Germany | 48.3% | -0.7 pp | 17/27 |
| 19 |  Malta | 48.5% | +1.8 pp | 18/27 |
| 20 |  Cyprus | 54.2% | -3.2 pp | 19/27 |
| 21 |  Portugal | 54.4% | +2.1 pp | 20/27 |
| 22 |  Belgium | 56.8% | +0.1 pp | 21/27 |
| 23 |  France | 59.5% | -0.7 pp | 22/27 |
| 24 |  Luxembourg | 60.1% | -1.5 pp | 23/27 |
| 25 |  Finland | 62.5% | -1.3 pp | 24/27 |
| 26 |  Iceland | 70.5% | -1.6 pp | — |
| 27 |  Sweden | 82.4% | -0.3 pp | 25/27 |
| 28 |  Denmark | 82.6% | -1.4 pp | 26/27 |
| 29 |  Norway | 87.5% | +2.0 pp | — |
| 30 |  Netherlands | 94.4% | -0.3 pp | 27/27 |
| 31 | Switzerland | 123.0% | +1.9 pp | — |
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About this indicator
- Which European country has the highest household debt (loans)?
- Switzerland, with 123.0% in 2025. The EU27 figure is 49.3%.
- Where does Spain rank?
- Spain: 42.9% in 2025, rank 16 of 31 countries.
- What does household debt (loans) measure?
- Household debt (loans), in % of GDP. A lower value indicates a more favourable situation.
- Where does the household debt (loans) data come from?
- Eurostat, dataset nasa_10_f_bs («Financial balance sheets - annual data»). RAC-EU downloads it from Eurostat's official API and checks it every day.
- How often is household debt (loans) updated?
- Annual. The latest period published is 2025; RAC-EU adds new data and revisions on the day Eurostat publishes them.
The full series since 1995, the chart and the analysis are in the Basic plan. See plans · Full methodology sheet →