Government debt held by non-residents i
28 countries with data for 2025 · Frequency: Annual · Unit: % of GDP · Basic
Source: Eurostat (gov_10dd_ggd), retrieved 2026-10-16 · View on Eurostat · See technical sheet
EU27—
Euro area—
Spain49.3% 6 of 28
Simple average34.3%
Highest · 
Greece103.5%
Greece103.5%Lowest · 
Sweden8.1%
Sweden8.1%Trend
Add or remove countries from the legend. Eurostat data, not seasonally adjusted unless stated.
Country ranking
| # | Country | Value | Year-on-year change | EU27 rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greece | 103.5% | -7.4 pp | 1/27 |
| 2 |  Belgium | 68.4% | +5.4 pp | 2/27 |
| 3 |  France | 62.8% | +3.6 pp | 3/27 |
| 4 |  Finland | 54.1% | +7.8 pp | 4/27 |
| 5 |  Austria | 54.0% | +1.6 pp | 5/27 |
| 6 |  Spain | 49.3% | +3.7 pp | 6/27 |
| 7 |  Cyprus | 48.5% | -6.7 pp | 7/27 |
| 8 |  Italy | 47.1% | +5.5 pp | 8/27 |
| 9 |  Portugal | 42.3% | +0.5 pp | 9/27 |
| 10 |  Slovenia | 37.6% | +1.1 pp | 10/27 |
| 11 |  Slovakia | 36.7% | +2.2 pp | 11/27 |
| 12 |  Norway | 35.2% | -0.3 pp | — |
| 13 |  Latvia | 34.8% | +2.4 pp | 12/27 |
| 14 |  Germany | 32.6% | +2.5 pp | 13/27 |
| 15 |  Romania | 29.7% | +2.5 pp | 14/27 |
| 16 |  Lithuania | 28.5% | +2.6 pp | 15/27 |
| 17 |  Hungary | 27.1% | +0.3 pp | 16/27 |
| 18 |  Netherlands | 21.9% | +2.7 pp | 17/27 |
| 19 |  Poland | 20.6% | +1.2 pp | 18/27 |
| 20 |  Estonia | 18.8% | +0.3 pp | 19/27 |
| 21 |  Ireland | 18.1% | -3.1 pp | 20/27 |
| 22 |  Croatia | 16.5% | -0.8 pp | 21/27 |
| 23 |  Luxembourg | 15.8% | +0.3 pp | 22/27 |
| 24 |  Bulgaria | 15.1% | +2.7 pp | 23/27 |
| 25 |  Denmark | 11.9% | -0.9 pp | 24/27 |
| 26 |  Czechia | 10.8% | 0.0 pp | 25/27 |
| 27 |  Malta | 10.0% | +0.2 pp | 26/27 |
| 28 | Sweden | 8.1% | +0.7 pp | 27/27 |
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About this indicator
- Which European country has the highest government debt held by non-residents?
- Greece, with 103.5% in 2025.
- Where does Spain rank?
- Spain: 49.3% in 2025, rank 6 of 28 countries.
- What does government debt held by non-residents measure?
- Government debt held by non-residents, in % of GDP. Descriptive indicator: a higher or lower value is not better in itself; the ranking orders from highest to lowest.
- Where does the government debt held by non-residents data come from?
- Eurostat, dataset gov_10dd_ggd («General government debt»). RAC-EU downloads it from Eurostat's official API and checks it every day.
- How often is government debt held by non-residents updated?
- Annual. The latest period published is 2025; RAC-EU adds new data and revisions on the day Eurostat publishes them.
The full series since 1995, the chart and the analysis are in the Basic plan. See plans · Full methodology sheet →