Spain

EU member state In the euro area Population: 49.13 M (2025)

Source: Eurostat, data retrieved 2026-10-16; each indicator links to its dataset · Methodology and technical sheets

Economic situation

Spain: real GDP grew 2.7% year on year (Q2 2026); previous quarter: 2.6%; EU27: 1.5%. Harmonised inflation (HICP) stands at 5.0% (09/2026), above the EU27 average (3.8%); core inflation, excluding energy and food, is 3.5%. The unemployment rate stands at 10.0% (08/2026), down 0.6 percentage points on a year earlier; the EU27 rate is 6.2%. In 2025, general government recorded a deficit of 2.4% of GDP and public debt reached 100.7% of GDP (Treaty reference values: 3% and 60%). The current account shows a surplus of 2.0% of GDP (Q2 2026). Its best European position is in "Life expectancy at birth" (3 of 37) and its worst in "Unemployment rate" (29 of 30).

Key indicators

GDP growth2.7%Q2 2026 ^p+0.2 pp year on year13 of 34 in Europe Inflation (HICP)5.0%09/2026 ^e+2.0 pp year on year26 of 36 in Europe Unemployment rate10.0%08/2026-0.6 pp year on year29 of 30 in Europe Employment rate (20–64)73.3%Q2 2026 ^d+0.7 pp year on year25 of 34 in Europe Government balance (% GDP)-2.4%2025+0.8 pp year on year13 of 27 in Europe Public debt (% GDP)100.7%2025-0.9 pp year on year23 of 27 in Europe Current account (% GDP)2.0%Q2 2026-1.8 pp year on year10 of 32 in Europe GDP per capita (EU = 100)922025 ^p+0.5% year on year17 of 33 in Europe

Trends

Activity: GDP, consumption and investment (real year-on-year change, %)

Prices: headline and core inflation (HICP, %)

Labour: total and youth unemployment (%)

Government balance (% of GDP)

Public debt (% of GDP)

External sector: current account, goods and services (% of GDP)

Economic sentiment (long-term average = 100)

Government expenditure by function (COFOG) →What Spain spends on: 10 functions and 69 sub-functions compared with the EU27, and the split by level of government.Regions of Spain →85 regions with indicators on population, GDP, jobs, income and well-being (NUTS 1: 7 · NUTS 2: 19 · NUTS 3: 59).

Regional competitiveness (RCI) →Spain's 19 regions in the Commission's index: institutions, infrastructure, labour market, innovation…Regional social progress (EU-SPI) →Spain's 19 regions: basic needs, foundations of wellbeing and opportunity

All indicators

144 indicators for Spain. Its NUTS 1, 2 and 3 regions, with their own indicators, are on the country's regions page.

GDP and national accounts

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Nominal GDP (quarterly) M€	Q2 2026 ^p	447,365 M€	+5.5%	4 of 35
Real GDP, year-on-year change (quarterly) %	Q2 2026 ^p	2.7%	+0.2 pp	13 of 34
Real GDP, chain-linked volume (quarterly) M€ (2020)	Q2 2026 ^p	360,266 M€	+2.7%	4 of 35
Nominal GDP (annual) M€	2025 ^p	1,690,012 M€	+5.7%	4 of 37
Real GDP growth (annual) %	2025 ^p	2.6%	-1.1 pp	11 of 35
GDP per capita € per inhabitant	2025 ^p	34,240 €	+4.7%	17 of 35
Real GDP per capita € (2020) per inhabitant	2025 ^p	28,260 €	+1.6%	17 of 35
Real GDP per capita, annual change %	2025 ^p	1.6%	-1.0 pp	15 of 34
GDP per capita in purchasing power standards PPS per inhabitant	2025 ^p	38,162 PPS	+4.6%	17 of 33
GDP per capita in PPS relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 100	2025 ^p	92	+0.5%	17 of 33
Household consumption, real year-on-year change %	Q2 2026 ^p	3.6%	+0.5 pp	8 of 34
Government consumption, real year-on-year change %	Q2 2026 ^p	2.5%	+0.3 pp	9 of 34
Gross fixed capital formation, real year-on-year change %	Q2 2026 ^p	5.4%	+0.7 pp	14 of 33
Exports, real year-on-year change %	Q2 2026 ^p	1.7%	-1.0 pp	29 of 34
Imports, real year-on-year change %	Q2 2026 ^p	4.7%	-0.2 pp	13 of 34
Industry share of the economy % of GVA	2025 ^p	15.4%	-0.2 pp	24 of 37
Construction share of the economy % of GVA	2025 ^p	5.9%	+0.3 pp	17 of 37
Services share of the economy % of GVA	2025 ^p	75.6%	-0.2 pp	10 of 37
Public administration, education and health share of the economy % of GVA	2025 ^p	17.2%	+0.1 pp	25 of 37

Prices

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Consumer price level (HICP) index 2015 = 100	09/2026	133.48	+5.0%	26 of 36
HICP, annual rate of change %	09/2026 ^e	5.0%	+2.0 pp	26 of 36
Core HICP (excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) %	09/2026 ^e	3.5%	+0.8 pp	24 of 36
HICP energy %	09/2026	22.1%	+15.9 pp	30 of 36
HICP food, alcohol and tobacco %	09/2026 ^e	2.7%	0.0 pp	29 of 36
HICP services %	09/2026	4.1%	+0.4 pp	18 of 36
HICP non-energy industrial goods %	09/2026	1.5%	+1.3 pp	24 of 36
HICP alcoholic beverages and tobacco %	09/2026	2.8%	-1.4 pp	18 of 36
HICP clothing and footwear %	09/2026	0.0%	+1.3 pp	18 of 36
HICP furnishings and household equipment %	09/2026	1.4%	+0.6 pp	26 of 36
HICP health %	09/2026	2.0%	0.0 pp	12 of 36
HICP information and communication %	09/2026	3.3%	+3.3 pp	28 of 36
HICP recreation, sport and culture %	09/2026	4.2%	+2.6 pp	22 of 36
HICP education services %	09/2026	2.0%	-0.8 pp	10 of 36
HICP insurance and financial services %	09/2026	3.5%	-1.4 pp	22 of 36
HICP personal care and miscellaneous goods and services %	09/2026	3.2%	+0.1 pp	18 of 36
HICP, annual average rate %	2025	2.7%	-0.2 pp	16 of 35
HICP electricity %	09/2026	11.4%	-5.4 pp	26 of 34
HICP natural gas %	09/2026	4.3%	+3.7 pp	13 of 29
HICP diesel %	09/2026	34.0%	+32.3 pp	12 of 35
HICP petrol %	09/2026	27.5%	+28.8 pp	21 of 35
House prices index 2015 = 100	Q2 2026	200.6	+12.1%	15 of 28
House prices, annual rate of change %	Q2 2026	12.1%	-0.7 pp	6 of 29
House sales, annual rate of change %	Q2 2026	-7.4%	-9.9 pp	10 of 18
Sales of newly built dwellings, annual rate of change %	Q2 2026	20.0%	+20.9 pp	2 of 14
Sales of existing dwellings, annual rate of change %	Q2 2026	-9.5%	-12.3 pp	10 of 16
Household electricity price (2 500–4 999 kWh, taxes included) €/kWh	H1 2026	0.2509 €/kWh	-3.9%	24 of 35
Price level relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 100	2025	89.7	+0.1%	18 of 36

Government

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) % of GDP	2025	-2.4%	+0.8 pp	13 of 27
Government debt % of GDP	2025	100.7%	-0.9 pp	23 of 27
Government debt, total amount M€	2025	1,698,225 M€	+4.8%	24 of 27
Government debt (quarterly) % of GDP	Q1 2026 ^p	101.6%	-1.7 pp	24 of 28
Government debt held by non-residents % of GDP	2025	49.3%	+3.7 pp	6 of 28
Government debt held by the central bank % of GDP	2025	20.5%	-3.9 pp	2 of 28
Government debt held by resident banks % of GDP	2025	20.3%	+0.5 pp	4 of 27
Government debt held by insurers, funds and other financial corporations % of GDP	2025	8.9%	-0.7 pp	8 of 27
Government debt held by households % of GDP	2025	1.3%	-0.5 pp	10 of 18
Average remaining maturity of government debt years	2025	8.1	+1.2%	9 of 24
Net issuance of government debt securities % of GDP	Q1 2026 ^p	10.8%	-1.3 pp	5 of 27
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) (quarterly) % of GDP	Q1 2026 ^p	-1.5%	+0.1 pp	11 of 30
Total government revenue % of GDP	2025	42.9%	+0.6 pp	21 of 29
Total government expenditure % of GDP	2025	45.3%	-0.2 pp	19 of 29
Government interest payments % of GDP	2025	2.40%	0.00 pp	23 of 29
Apparent cost of government debt %	2025	2.6%	0.0 pp	16 of 25
Government investment (GFCF) % of GDP	2025	2.90%	+0.20 pp	28 of 29
Tax burden (taxes and social contributions) % of GDP	2024	37.3%	+0.2 pp	17 of 30
Taxes on income and wealth % of GDP	2024	12.5%	+0.3 pp	14 of 30
VAT % of GDP	2024	6.4%	0.0 pp	26 of 30
Social contributions % of GDP	2024	13.2%	0.0 pp	10 of 30

Government expenditure by function (COFOG)

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
General public services expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	5.8%	+0.2 pp	10 of 30
Defence expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	0.9%	0.0 pp	23 of 30
Public order and safety expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	1.8%	0.0 pp	9 of 30
Economic affairs expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	5.1%	+0.1 pp	18 of 30
Environmental protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	1.0%	0.0 pp	6 of 30
Housing and community amenities expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	0.5%	0.0 pp	20 of 30
Health expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	6.5%	-0.1 pp	17 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	1.2%	0.0 pp	18 of 30
Education expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	4.1%	-0.1 pp	26 of 30
Social protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP	2024 ^p	18.7%	+0.2 pp	10 of 30
General public services share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	12.8%	+0.4 pp	12 of 30
Defence share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	2.0%	-0.1 pp	25 of 30
Public order and safety share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	3.9%	-0.1 pp	13 of 30
Economic affairs share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	11.2%	+0.2 pp	17 of 30
Environmental protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	2.1%	0.0 pp	5 of 30
Housing and community amenities share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	1.1%	0.0 pp	20 of 30
Health share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	14.2%	-0.3 pp	19 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	2.6%	-0.1 pp	18 of 30
Education share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	9.1%	-0.1 pp	26 of 30
Social protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %	2024 ^p	41.0%	+0.2 pp	8 of 30

Business and activity

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Industrial production index 2021 = 100	08/2026 ^p	78.7	+1.4%	30 of 34
Retail trade, volume of sales index 2021 = 100	08/2026 ^p	109.5	-1.2%	16 of 32
Residential building permits (useful floor area) index 2021 = 100	Q2 2026	113.3	+6.8%	13 of 35
Economic sentiment indicator index (average = 100)	09/2026	105.5	+1.2%	5 of 30
Consumer confidence balance	09/2026	-5.4	-260.0%	7 of 30
Industrial confidence balance	09/2026	-1.1	+76.6%	11 of 30
Active enterprises enterprises	2024	3,552,872	+1.4%	4 of 34
Enterprise birth rate %	2024	9.4%	+0.3 pp	23 of 34
Enterprise death rate %	2024 ^ep	7.6%	-0.2 pp	16 of 33
R&D expenditure % of GDP	2024	1.50%	+0.01 pp	17 of 32

Labour market and productivity

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Unemployment rate % of labour force	08/2026	10.0%	-0.6 pp	29 of 30
Youth unemployment rate (under 25) % of labour force	08/2026	23.1%	-2.2 pp	23 of 24
Unemployed persons thousand persons	08/2026	2,580	-2.2%	29 of 30
Unemployment rate (annual) % of labour force	2025 ^d	10.5%	-0.9 pp	32 of 34
Long-term unemployment rate % of labour force	2025 ^d	3.4%	-0.4 pp	29 of 34
Employment rate (20–64) % of population	Q2 2026 ^d	73.3%	+0.7 pp	25 of 34
Employed persons (15–74) thousand persons	Q2 2026 ^d	22,760	+2.3%	5 of 34
Employed persons per inhabitant % of population	2025 ^p	46.0%	+0.7 pp	26 of 33
Hours worked per inhabitant hours per year	2025 ^p	751	+1.0%	25 of 32
Labour productivity per hour worked relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 100	2025 ^p	95.3	-0.6%	14 of 31
Labour productivity per person employed, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 100	2025 ^p	97.0	-0.7%	14 of 31
Real labour productivity per hour, annual change %	2025 ^p	0.6%	-0.3 pp	25 of 32
Nominal unit labour cost, annual change %	2025 ^p	4.4%	+1.4 pp	21 of 33
Hours worked per employed person hours per year	2025 ^p	1,633	-0.6%	17 of 32
Compensation per employee € per year	2025 ^p	41,981 €	+4.4%	16 of 33
Compensation per hour worked € per hour	2025 ^p	26.7 €	+4.7%	15 of 31
Compensation per employee in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 100	2025 ^p	98.0	0.0%	13 of 31
Compensation per hour worked in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 100	2025 ^p	96.1	0.0%	13 of 30
Labour costs (B–S) index 2020 = 100	Q2 2026 ^p	121.1	+4.8%	24 of 26
Minimum wage € per month	H2 2026	1,425 €	+3.2%	8 of 29
Job vacancy rate (B–S) %	Q4 2025 ^p	0.9%	0.0 pp	26 of 31
Population aged 25–64 with tertiary education %	2025	42.4%	+0.4 pp	14 of 34

Households

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Household saving rate % of disposable income	2025	11.9%	-0.8 pp	10 of 12
Real household disposable income per capita, annual change %	2025 ^p	0.9%	-2.5 pp	6 of 12
Median equivalised income PPS	2025	22,408 PPS	+7.7%	16 of 30
Gini coefficient of disposable income 0–100	2025	30.8	-1.3%	20 of 30
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) % of population	2025	25.7%	-0.1 pp	25 of 30
Housing cost overburden rate % of population	2025	7.2%	-0.6 pp	20 of 30
Household debt (loans) % of GDP	2025 ^p	42.9%	-0.7 pp	16 of 31

External sector and financing

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Current account balance % of GDP	Q2 2026	2.0%	-1.8 pp	10 of 32
Goods balance % of GDP	Q2 2026	-4.0%	-1.7 pp	18 of 32
Services balance % of GDP	Q2 2026	7.4%	+0.2 pp	9 of 32
Net international investment position % of GDP	Q2 2026	-40.7%	+2.5 pp	23 of 32
Net direct investment % of GDP	Q2 2026	0.2%	-0.2 pp	15 of 32
Exports of goods M€	2025	394,380 M€	-0.4%	6 of 27
Trade balance in goods M€	2025	-66,378 M€	-41.4%	26 of 27
10-year government bond yield %	09/2026	3.93%	+0.67 pp	14 of 27
Real effective exchange rate (42 partners, CPI-deflated) index 2015 = 100	07/2026	104.53	-0.3%	16 of 30

Demography

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Rank in Europe
Population on 1 January persons	2025	49,128,297	+1.0%	5 of 38
Total population change per 1,000 inhabitants	2025 ^p	9.4	-9.6%	7 of 39
Net migration (including statistical adjustment) per 1,000 inhabitants	2025 ^p	11.8	-7.8%	3 of 39
Median age of population years	2025	45.8	+0.4%	5 of 38
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64) %	2025	31.2%	+0.4 pp	15 of 38
Life expectancy at birth years	2024	84.0	+0.2%	3 of 37

Public-sector efficiency

Indicator	Period	Value	Year-on-year change	Trend	Rank in Europe
Employment in public administration and defence (NACE O) thousand persons	2025 ^p	1,745	+2.7%		3 of 26
Total employment (national accounts) thousand persons	2025 ^p	22,702	+2.6%		4 of 26