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Luxembourg

EU member state In the euro area Population: 0.68 M (2025)

Source: Eurostat, data retrieved 2026-10-17; each indicator links to its dataset · Methodology and technical sheets

Economic situation

Luxembourg: real GDP grew 1.2% year on year (Q2 2026); previous quarter: 2.9%; EU27: 1.5%. Harmonised inflation (HICP) stands at 5.2% (09/2026), above the EU27 average (3.8%); core inflation, excluding energy and food, is 2.3%. The unemployment rate stands at 7.0% (08/2026), up 0.8 percentage points on a year earlier; the EU27 rate is 6.2%. In 2025, general government recorded a deficit of 2.0% of GDP and public debt reached 26.5% of GDP (Treaty reference values: 3% and 60%). The current account shows a surplus of 4.3% of GDP (Q1 2026). Its best European position is in "Services balance" (1 of 37) and its worst in "Residential building permits (useful floor area)" (34 of 35).

Key indicators

GDP growth1.2%Q2 2026 p+1.2 pp year on year26 of 34 in EuropeInflation (HICP)5.2%09/2026 e+2.1 pp year on year29 of 36 in EuropeUnemployment rate7.0%08/2026+0.8 pp year on year22 of 30 in EuropeEmployment rate (20–64)73.3%Q2 2026-1.6 pp year on year25 of 34 in EuropeGovernment balance (% GDP)-2.0%2025-2.9 pp year on year9 of 27 in EuropePublic debt (% GDP)26.5%2025+0.2 pp year on year2 of 27 in EuropeCurrent account (% GDP)4.3%Q1 2026-2.3 pp year on year10 of 37 in EuropeGDP per capita (EU = 100)2442025 p-1.2% year on year1 of 33 in Europe

Trends

Activity: GDP, consumption and investment (real year-on-year change, %)
Prices: headline and core inflation (HICP, %)
Labour: total and youth unemployment (%)
Government balance (% of GDP)
Public debt (% of GDP)
External sector: current account, goods and services (% of GDP)
Economic sentiment (long-term average = 100)
Government expenditure by function (COFOG) →What Luxembourg spends on: 10 functions and 69 sub-functions compared with the EU27, and the split by level of government.Regions of Luxembourg →3 regions with indicators on population, GDP, jobs, income and well-being (NUTS 1: 1 · NUTS 2: 1 · NUTS 3: 1).
Regional competitiveness (RCI) →Luxembourg's 1 regions in the Commission's index: institutions, infrastructure, labour market, innovation…Regional social progress (EU-SPI) →Luxembourg's 1 regions: basic needs, foundations of wellbeing and opportunity

All indicators

140 indicators for Luxembourg. Its NUTS 1, 2 and 3 regions, with their own indicators, are on the country's regions page.

GDP and national accounts

19
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Nominal GDP (quarterly) M€Q2 2026 p23,830 M€+7.6%24 of 35
Real GDP, year-on-year change (quarterly) %Q2 2026 p1.2%+1.2 pp26 of 34
Real GDP, chain-linked volume (quarterly) M€ (2020)Q2 2026 p17,750 M€+1.2%23 of 35
Nominal GDP (annual) M€2025 p91,342 M€+4.6%24 of 37
Real GDP growth (annual) %2025 p1.4%-0.7 pp20 of 35
GDP per capita € per inhabitant2025 p132,950 €+3.3%1 of 35
Real GDP per capita € (2020) per inhabitant2025 p102,840 €+0.1%1 of 35
Real GDP per capita, annual change %2025 p0.1%-0.4 pp32 of 34
GDP per capita in purchasing power standards PPS per inhabitant2025 p101,645 PPS+2.7%1 of 33
GDP per capita in PPS relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025 p244-1.2%1 of 33
Household consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p-0.2%-2.1 pp33 of 34
Government consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p4.3%+0.8 pp5 of 34
Gross fixed capital formation, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p4.6%+13.4 pp16 of 33
Exports, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p-0.6%+7.4 pp32 of 34
Imports, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p-0.7%+8.5 pp32 of 34
Industry share of the economy % of GVA2025 p5.8%-0.1 pp37 of 37
Construction share of the economy % of GVA2025 p4.7%-0.1 pp33 of 37
Services share of the economy % of GVA2025 p89.2%+0.1 pp1 of 37
Public administration, education and health share of the economy % of GVA2025 p19.0%+0.8 pp13 of 37

Prices

28
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Consumer price level (HICP) index 2015 = 10009/2026135.85+5.2%24 of 36
HICP, annual rate of change %09/2026 e5.2%+2.1 pp29 of 36
Core HICP (excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) %09/2026 e2.3%+0.3 pp7 of 36
HICP energy %09/2026 e25.8%+19.6 pp33 of 36
HICP food, alcohol and tobacco %09/2026 e3.3%-1.2 pp31 of 36
HICP services %09/2026 e3.4%+0.7 pp9 of 36
HICP non-energy industrial goods %09/2026 e0.8%-0.2 pp16 of 36
HICP alcoholic beverages and tobacco %09/20264.7%-1.4 pp25 of 36
HICP clothing and footwear %09/20261.0%+0.4 pp28 of 36
HICP furnishings and household equipment %09/20261.3%+0.7 pp25 of 36
HICP health %09/20261.7%-0.4 pp10 of 36
HICP information and communication %09/20262.9%+5.0 pp25 of 36
HICP recreation, sport and culture %09/20263.2%-1.2 pp13 of 36
HICP education services %09/20260.5%-6.1 pp6 of 36
HICP insurance and financial services %09/20260.7%-1.5 pp6 of 36
HICP personal care and miscellaneous goods and services %09/20263.7%+1.9 pp23 of 36
HICP, annual average rate %20252.5%+0.2 pp13 of 35
HICP electricity %09/2026-22.9%-47.2 pp1 of 34
HICP natural gas %09/2026-20.8%-33.2 pp1 of 29
HICP diesel %09/202644.2%+41.4 pp24 of 35
HICP petrol %09/202625.0%+23.1 pp18 of 35
House prices index 2015 = 100Q2 2026 p166.4-2.2%20 of 28
House prices, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p-2.2%-6.8 pp28 of 29
House sales, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p-35.1%-122.1 pp18 of 18
Sales of newly built dwellings, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p-35.8%-163.4 pp13 of 14
Sales of existing dwellings, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p-35.0%-117.7 pp15 of 16
Household electricity price (2 500–4 999 kWh, taxes included) €/kWhH1 20260.2023 €/kWh-24.1%15 of 36
Price level relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025130.8+0.6%3 of 36

Government

17
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) % of GDP2025-2.0%-2.9 pp9 of 27
Government debt % of GDP202526.5%+0.2 pp2 of 27
Government debt, total amount M€202523,695 M€+4.7%5 of 27
Government debt (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p29.2%+3.1 pp4 of 28
Government debt held by non-residents % of GDP202515.8%+0.3 pp23 of 28
Government debt held by the central bank % of GDP20250.4%0.0 pp23 of 28
Net issuance of government debt securities % of GDPQ1 2026 p11.3%+11.8 pp4 of 27
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p-0.5%-2.4 pp7 of 30
Total government revenue % of GDP202547.1%-0.6 pp11 of 29
Total government expenditure % of GDP202549.1%+2.3 pp12 of 29
Government interest payments % of GDP20250.30%0.00 pp1 of 29
Apparent cost of government debt %20251.5%+0.2 pp2 of 25
Government investment (GFCF) % of GDP20255.00%+0.30 pp10 of 29
Tax burden (taxes and social contributions) % of GDP202542.3%-0.4 pp4 of 9
Taxes on income and wealth % of GDP202517.9%-1.2 pp3 of 9
VAT % of GDP20256.7%0.0 pp7 of 9
Social contributions % of GDP202512.6%+0.5 pp5 of 9

Government expenditure by function (COFOG)

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
General public services expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20255.6%0.0 pp1 of 1
Defence expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20251.0%+0.3 pp1 of 1
Public order and safety expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20251.4%+0.1 pp1 of 1
Economic affairs expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20255.9%0.0 pp1 of 1
Environmental protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20251.2%+0.1 pp1 of 1
Housing and community amenities expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20250.8%+0.2 pp1 of 1
Health expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20255.8%+0.2 pp1 of 1
Recreation, culture and religion expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20251.4%+0.1 pp1 of 1
Education expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20255.2%+0.2 pp1 of 1
Social protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP202520.7%+0.8 pp1 of 1
General public services share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202511.5%-0.4 pp1 of 1
Defence share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20252.1%+0.7 pp1 of 1
Public order and safety share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20252.9%+0.2 pp1 of 1
Economic affairs share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202512.0%-0.6 pp1 of 1
Environmental protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20252.5%+0.3 pp1 of 1
Housing and community amenities share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20251.6%+0.4 pp1 of 1
Health share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202511.8%-0.2 pp1 of 1
Recreation, culture and religion share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20252.8%0.0 pp1 of 1
Education share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202510.5%-0.1 pp1 of 1
Social protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202542.2%-0.3 pp1 of 1

Business and activity

10
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Industrial production index 2021 = 10008/2026 p72.9-3.4%32 of 34
Retail trade, volume of sales index 2021 = 10008/2026124.9+0.9%10 of 32
Residential building permits (useful floor area) index 2021 = 100Q2 2026 p44.5+16.5%34 of 35
Economic sentiment indicator index (average = 100)09/2026102.3+5.7%10 of 30
Consumer confidence balance09/2026-9.2+8.9%15 of 30
Industrial confidence balance09/2026-6.8+61.1%24 of 30
Active enterprises enterprises202449,737+1.9%33 of 34
Enterprise birth rate %20248.5%-0.5 pp28 of 34
Enterprise death rate %2024 ep8.3%+0.6 pp19 of 33
R&D expenditure % of GDP20241.04%-0.02 pp24 of 32

Labour market and productivity

22
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Unemployment rate % of labour force08/20267.0%+0.8 pp22 of 30
Youth unemployment rate (under 25) % of labour force08/202617.1%+0.5 pp17 of 24
Unemployed persons thousand persons08/202625+13.6%4 of 30
Unemployment rate (annual) % of labour force20256.5%+0.1 pp22 of 34
Long-term unemployment rate % of labour force2025 u2.0%+0.4 pp21 of 34
Employment rate (20–64) % of populationQ2 202673.3%-1.6 pp25 of 34
Employed persons (15–74) thousand personsQ2 2026329-0.3%33 of 34
Employed persons per inhabitant % of population2025 p76.0%-0.1 pp1 of 33
Hours worked per inhabitant hours per year2025 p1,108-0.8%1 of 32
Labour productivity per hour worked relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025 p172.1-0.6%2 of 31
Labour productivity per person employed, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p156.5-0.7%2 of 31
Real labour productivity per hour, annual change %2025 p0.9%-0.1 pp24 of 32
Nominal unit labour cost, annual change %2025 p4.3%+3.5 pp20 of 33
Hours worked per employed person hours per year2025 p1,458-0.6%27 of 32
Compensation per employee € per year2025 p91,440 €+4.6%2 of 33
Compensation per hour worked € per hour2025 p62.1 €+5.3%2 of 31
Compensation per employee in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p146.4-0.3%1 of 31
Compensation per hour worked in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p153.5-0.1%1 of 30
Labour costs (B–S) index 2020 = 100Q2 2026121.9+1.8%22 of 26
Minimum wage € per monthH2 20262,771 €+2.5%1 of 29
Job vacancy rate (B–S) %Q4 20251.2%0.0 pp23 of 31
Population aged 25–64 with tertiary education %202555.7%+1.0 pp2 of 34

Households

7
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Household saving rate % of disposable income202412.2%-0.8 pp17 of 27
Real household disposable income per capita, annual change %2024 p1.5%+1.2 pp22 of 27
Median equivalised income PPS2025 b37,673 PPS-0.3%1 of 30
Gini coefficient of disposable income 0–1002025 b30.5+1.3%19 of 30
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) % of population2025 b18.2%-1.8 pp11 of 30
Housing cost overburden rate % of population2025 b8.1%+0.1 pp22 of 30
Household debt (loans) % of GDP2025 p60.1%-1.5 pp24 of 31

External sector and financing

9
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Current account balance % of GDPQ1 20264.3%-2.3 pp10 of 37
Goods balance % of GDPQ1 20263.2%+1.2 pp9 of 37
Services balance % of GDPQ1 202629.5%-2.5 pp1 of 37
Net international investment position % of GDPQ1 202624.1%-25.7 pp11 of 36
Net direct investment % of GDPQ1 202614.3%-162.4 pp2 of 37
Exports of goods M€202516,254 M€+8.6%25 of 27
Trade balance in goods M€2025-8,844 M€+3.0%20 of 27
10-year government bond yield %09/20263.70%+0.77 pp9 of 27
Real effective exchange rate (42 partners, CPI-deflated) index 2015 = 10007/2026102.81-0.3%18 of 30

Demography

6
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Population on 1 January persons2025681,973+1.5%34 of 38
Total population change per 1,000 inhabitants202513.1-10.9%4 of 39
Net migration (including statistical adjustment) per 1,000 inhabitants202510.1-13.7%5 of 39
Median age of population years202539.8+0.3%34 of 38
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64) %202522.0%+0.3 pp2 of 38
Life expectancy at birth years202483.2+0.1%7 of 37

Public-sector efficiency

2
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Employment in public administration and defence (NACE O) thousand persons2025 p34+4.2%23 of 26
Total employment (national accounts) thousand persons2025 p522+1.1%23 of 26