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Euro area (20, until 2025)

Aggregate Population: 351.64 M (2025)

Source: Eurostat, data retrieved 2026-10-17; each indicator links to its dataset · Methodology and technical sheets

Economic situation

Euro area (20, until 2025): real GDP grew 1.2% year on year (Q2 2026); previous quarter: 0.6%; EU27: 1.5%. Harmonised inflation (HICP) stands at 3.8% (09/2026), in line with the EU27 average (3.8%); core inflation, excluding energy and food, is 2.5%. The unemployment rate stands at 6.4% (2025), unchanged on a year earlier; the EU27 rate is 6.0%. In 2025, general government recorded a deficit of 2.9% of GDP and public debt reached 87.8% of GDP (Treaty reference values: 3% and 60%). The current account shows a surplus of 2.0% of GDP (Q4 2025).

Key indicators

GDP growth1.2%Q2 20260.0 pp year on year Inflation (HICP)3.8%09/2026 e+1.6 pp year on year Unemployment rate6.4%20250.0 pp year on year Employment rate (20–64)76.1%Q2 2026+0.3 pp year on year Government balance (% GDP)-2.9%2025+0.1 pp year on year Public debt (% GDP)87.8%2025+0.8 pp year on year Current account (% GDP)2.0%Q4 2025-0.6 pp year on year GDP per capita (EU = 100)1042025-0.5% year on year 

Trends

Activity: GDP, consumption and investment (real year-on-year change, %)
Prices: headline and core inflation (HICP, %)
Government balance (% of GDP)
Public debt (% of GDP)
External sector: current account, goods and services (% of GDP)
Economic sentiment (long-term average = 100)
Government expenditure by function (COFOG) →What Euro area (20, until 2025) spends on: 10 functions and 69 sub-functions compared with the EU27, and the split by level of government.

All indicators

120 indicators for Euro area (20, until 2025). Its NUTS 1, 2 and 3 regions, with their own indicators, are on the country's regions page.

GDP and national accounts

19
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Nominal GDP (quarterly) M€Q2 20264,075,451 M€+3.7%—
Real GDP, year-on-year change (quarterly) %Q2 20261.2%0.0 pp—
Real GDP, chain-linked volume (quarterly) M€ (2020)Q2 20263,325,866 M€+1.2%—
Nominal GDP (annual) M€202515,852,836 M€+3.6%—
Real GDP growth (annual) %20251.2%0.0 pp—
GDP per capita € per inhabitant202545,000 €+3.3%—
Real GDP per capita € (2020) per inhabitant202537,490 €+0.9%—
Real GDP per capita, annual change %20250.9%+0.2 pp—
GDP per capita in purchasing power standards PPS per inhabitant202543,296 PPS+3.5%—
GDP per capita in PPS relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025104-0.5%—
Household consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 20261.1%-0.5 pp—
Government consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 20261.9%+0.7 pp—
Gross fixed capital formation, real year-on-year change %Q2 20261.4%-1.7 pp—
Exports, real year-on-year change %Q2 20264.2%+4.0 pp—
Imports, real year-on-year change %Q2 20263.7%+1.1 pp—
Industry share of the economy % of GVA202518.7%-0.3 pp—
Construction share of the economy % of GVA20255.4%+0.1 pp—
Services share of the economy % of GVA202574.2%+0.2 pp—
Public administration, education and health share of the economy % of GVA202519.2%+0.3 pp—

Prices

24
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Consumer price level (HICP) index 2015 = 10009/2026134.30+3.8%—
HICP, annual rate of change %09/2026 e3.8%+1.6 pp—
Core HICP (excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) %09/2026 e2.5%+0.1 pp—
HICP energy %09/202618.9%+19.3 pp—
HICP food, alcohol and tobacco %09/20261.3%-1.7 pp—
HICP services %09/2026 e3.2%0.0 pp—
HICP non-energy industrial goods %09/2026 e1.2%+0.5 pp—
HICP alcoholic beverages and tobacco %09/20262.7%-0.4 pp—
HICP clothing and footwear %09/20260.0%-1.1 pp—
HICP furnishings and household equipment %09/20260.5%-0.1 pp—
HICP health %09/20263.6%+0.5 pp—
HICP information and communication %09/20262.0%+3.5 pp—
HICP recreation, sport and culture %09/20261.8%+0.2 pp—
HICP education services %09/20263.1%-0.6 pp—
HICP insurance and financial services %09/20262.7%-2.4 pp—
HICP personal care and miscellaneous goods and services %09/20262.9%0.0 pp—
HICP, annual average rate %20252.1%-0.3 pp—
HICP electricity %09/20264.4%+5.1 pp—
HICP natural gas %09/202611.3%+12.0 pp—
HICP diesel %09/202639.7%+38.7 pp—
HICP petrol %09/202627.8%+28.2 pp—
House prices index 2015 = 100Q2 2026158.8+3.8%—
House prices, annual rate of change %Q2 20263.8%-1.4 pp—
Price level relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025103.9-0.3%—

Government

14
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) % of GDP2025-2.9%+0.1 pp—
Government debt % of GDP202587.8%+0.8 pp—
Government debt, total amount M€202513,911,079 M€+4.9%—
Government debt (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p89.4%+1.7 pp—
Net issuance of government debt securities % of GDPQ4 20250.6%+0.8 pp—
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026-4.1%-0.4 pp—
Total government revenue % of GDP202546.9%+0.5 pp—
Total government expenditure % of GDP202549.8%+0.4 pp—
Government interest payments % of GDP20251.90%0.00 pp—
Government investment (GFCF) % of GDP20253.60%+0.10 pp—
Tax burden (taxes and social contributions) % of GDP202440.8%+0.3 pp—
Taxes on income and wealth % of GDP202413.3%+0.2 pp—
VAT % of GDP20246.9%-0.1 pp—
Social contributions % of GDP202414.7%+0.2 pp—

Government expenditure by function (COFOG)

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
General public services expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20246.1%+0.2 pp—
Defence expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.4%+0.1 pp—
Public order and safety expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.7%0.0 pp—
Economic affairs expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20245.2%-0.5 pp—
Environmental protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20240.9%+0.1 pp—
Housing and community amenities expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20240.7%-0.5 pp—
Health expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20247.5%+0.2 pp—
Recreation, culture and religion expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.1%0.0 pp—
Education expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20244.6%0.0 pp—
Social protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP202420.1%+0.5 pp—
General public services share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202412.5%+0.5 pp—
Defence share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20242.8%+0.2 pp—
Public order and safety share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20243.4%0.0 pp—
Economic affairs share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202410.6%-1.0 pp—
Environmental protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20241.7%0.0 pp—
Housing and community amenities share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20241.5%-1.0 pp—
Health share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202415.1%+0.2 pp—
Recreation, culture and religion share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20242.3%0.0 pp—
Education share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20249.4%+0.1 pp—
Social protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202440.7%+0.8 pp—

Business and activity

8
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Residential building permits (useful floor area) index 2021 = 100Q2 2026 i79.5+11.5%—
Economic sentiment indicator index (average = 100)12/202596.7+3.3%—
Consumer confidence balance12/2025-14.1-4.4%—
Industrial confidence balance12/2025-12.7+29.4%—
Active enterprises enterprises202325,585,050+2.1%—
Enterprise birth rate %202310.5%0.0 pp—
Enterprise death rate %2023 p8.3%-0.0 pp—
R&D expenditure % of GDP2024 e2.32%+0.03 pp—

Labour market and productivity

16
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Unemployment rate (annual) % of labour force20256.4%0.0 pp—
Long-term unemployment rate % of labour force20252.1%0.0 pp—
Employment rate (20–64) % of populationQ2 202676.1%+0.3 pp—
Employed persons (15–74) thousand personsQ2 2026162,713+0.4%—
Employed persons per inhabitant % of population202548.9%+0.2 pp—
Hours worked per inhabitant hours per year2025758-0.1%—
Labour productivity per hour worked relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025107.1-0.6%—
Labour productivity per person employed, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025103.6-0.6%—
Real labour productivity per hour, annual change %20251.0%+1.2 pp—
Nominal unit labour cost, annual change %20253.3%-1.0 pp—
Hours worked per employed person hours per year20251,552-0.5%—
Compensation per employee € per year202551,909 €+3.8%—
Compensation per hour worked € per hour202535.1 €+4.2%—
Compensation per employee in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025104.6-0.2%—
Compensation per hour worked in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025109.1-0.3%—
Job vacancy rate (B–S) %Q4 20252.2%-0.3 pp—

Households

5
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Median equivalised income PPS202523,938 PPS+6.6%—
Gini coefficient of disposable income 0–100202529.8-0.3%—
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) % of population202521.4%0.0 pp—
Housing cost overburden rate % of population20257.9%-0.6 pp—
Household debt (loans) % of GDP2025 p50.6%-0.4 pp—

External sector and financing

6
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Current account balance % of GDPQ4 20252.0%-0.6 pp—
Goods balance % of GDPQ4 20252.2%-0.1 pp—
Services balance % of GDPQ4 20250.5%-0.3 pp—
Net international investment position % of GDPQ3 202510.9%+1.4 pp—
Net direct investment % of GDPQ4 20252.4%+2.4 pp—
Real effective exchange rate (42 partners, CPI-deflated) index 2015 = 10007/2026112.20-2.3%—

Demography

6
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Population on 1 January persons2025 p351,639,519+0.4%—
Total population change per 1,000 inhabitants2025 ep2.5-32.4%—
Net migration (including statistical adjustment) per 1,000 inhabitants2025 ep5.2-16.1%—
Median age of population years2025 p45.3+0.4%—
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64) %2025 p35.0%+0.7 pp—
Life expectancy at birth years2024 p82.4+0.4%—

Public-sector efficiency

2
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Employment in public administration and defence (NACE O) thousand persons202411,395+1.5%—
Total employment (national accounts) thousand persons2024170,919+0.9%—