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Netherlands

EU member state In the euro area Population: 18.04 M (2025)

Source: Eurostat, data retrieved 2026-10-17; each indicator links to its dataset · Methodology and technical sheets

Economic situation

Netherlands: real GDP grew 1.6% year on year (Q2 2026); previous quarter: 1.4%; EU27: 1.5%. Harmonised inflation (HICP) stands at 3.0% (09/2026), below the EU27 average (3.8%); core inflation, excluding energy and food, is 2.9%. The unemployment rate stands at 4.2% (09/2026), unchanged on a year earlier. In 2025, general government recorded a deficit of 1.6% of GDP and public debt reached 44.4% of GDP (Treaty reference values: 3% and 60%). The current account shows a surplus of 5.4% of GDP (Q2 2026). Its best European position is in "Long-term unemployment rate" (1 of 34) and its worst in "Household debt (loans)" (30 of 31).

Key indicators

GDP growth1.6%Q2 2026 p+0.1 pp year on year23 of 34 in EuropeInflation (HICP)3.0%09/2026 e0.0 pp year on year9 of 36 in EuropeUnemployment rate4.2%09/20260.0 pp year on year1 of 3 in EuropeEmployment rate (20–64)83.2%Q2 2026-0.3 pp year on year3 of 34 in EuropeGovernment balance (% GDP)-1.6%2025-0.9 pp year on year7 of 27 in EuropePublic debt (% GDP)44.4%2025+0.6 pp year on year9 of 27 in EuropeCurrent account (% GDP)5.4%Q2 2026+1.0 pp year on year6 of 32 in EuropeGDP per capita (EU = 100)1322025 p-0.2% year on year4 of 33 in Europe

Trends

Activity: GDP, consumption and investment (real year-on-year change, %)
Prices: headline and core inflation (HICP, %)
Labour: total and youth unemployment (%)
Government balance (% of GDP)
Public debt (% of GDP)
External sector: current account, goods and services (% of GDP)
Economic sentiment (long-term average = 100)
Government expenditure by function (COFOG) →What Netherlands spends on: 10 functions and 69 sub-functions compared with the EU27, and the split by level of government.Regions of Netherlands →56 regions with indicators on population, GDP, jobs, income and well-being (NUTS 1: 4 · NUTS 2: 12 · NUTS 3: 40).
Regional competitiveness (RCI) →Netherlands's 11 regions in the Commission's index: institutions, infrastructure, labour market, innovation…Regional social progress (EU-SPI) →Netherlands's 12 regions: basic needs, foundations of wellbeing and opportunity

All indicators

143 indicators for Netherlands. Its NUTS 1, 2 and 3 regions, with their own indicators, are on the country's regions page.

GDP and national accounts

19
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Nominal GDP (quarterly) M€Q2 2026 p312,971 M€+5.2%6 of 35
Real GDP, year-on-year change (quarterly) %Q2 2026 p1.6%+0.1 pp23 of 34
Real GDP, chain-linked volume (quarterly) M€ (2020)Q2 2026 p242,315 M€+1.6%5 of 35
Nominal GDP (annual) M€20251,170,579 M€+5.0%6 of 37
Real GDP growth (annual) %20251.6%+0.5 pp18 of 35
GDP per capita € per inhabitant2025 p64,710 €+4.4%7 of 35
Real GDP per capita € (2020) per inhabitant2025 p51,400 €+1.0%7 of 35
Real GDP per capita, annual change %2025 p1.0%+0.6 pp19 of 34
GDP per capita in purchasing power standards PPS per inhabitant2025 p55,152 PPS+3.8%4 of 33
GDP per capita in PPS relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025 p132-0.2%4 of 33
Household consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p1.6%0.0 pp18 of 34
Government consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p2.7%+0.9 pp8 of 34
Gross fixed capital formation, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p0.1%-2.7 pp27 of 33
Exports, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p2.9%+1.1 pp24 of 34
Imports, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026 p2.1%-0.7 pp26 of 34
Industry share of the economy % of GVA202515.0%0.0 pp26 of 37
Construction share of the economy % of GVA20255.3%+0.2 pp27 of 37
Services share of the economy % of GVA202577.9%-0.1 pp8 of 37
Public administration, education and health share of the economy % of GVA202521.6%+0.1 pp4 of 37

Prices

28
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Consumer price level (HICP) index 2015 = 10009/2026141.13+3.0%19 of 36
HICP, annual rate of change %09/2026 e3.0%0.0 pp9 of 36
Core HICP (excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) %09/2026 e2.9%+0.2 pp14 of 36
HICP energy %09/2026 e14.0%+10.0 pp13 of 36
HICP food, alcohol and tobacco %09/2026 e-1.2%-4.9 pp6 of 36
HICP services %09/2026 e3.8%+0.3 pp12 of 36
HICP non-energy industrial goods %09/2026 e1.5%+0.2 pp24 of 36
HICP alcoholic beverages and tobacco %09/20262.3%+0.5 pp10 of 36
HICP clothing and footwear %09/20260.6%-2.1 pp23 of 36
HICP furnishings and household equipment %09/2026-0.3%-1.9 pp7 of 36
HICP health %09/20261.3%-1.7 pp5 of 36
HICP information and communication %09/20261.4%+4.0 pp12 of 36
HICP recreation, sport and culture %09/20263.0%+1.0 pp12 of 36
HICP education services %09/20263.4%+0.2 pp19 of 36
HICP insurance and financial services %09/20263.4%-2.4 pp21 of 36
HICP personal care and miscellaneous goods and services %09/20263.9%+0.7 pp25 of 36
HICP, annual average rate %20253.0%-0.2 pp19 of 35
HICP electricity %09/20260.8%-3.6 pp12 of 34
HICP natural gas %09/20267.4%+3.1 pp18 of 29
HICP diesel %09/202645.8%+39.9 pp26 of 35
HICP petrol %09/202624.9%+21.6 pp17 of 35
House prices index 2015 = 100Q2 2026 p222.6+4.3%13 of 28
House prices, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p4.3%-5.2 pp20 of 29
House sales, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p1.3%-16.4 pp7 of 18
Sales of newly built dwellings, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p-11.2%-13.1 pp9 of 14
Sales of existing dwellings, annual rate of change %Q2 20262.7%-17.1 pp4 of 16
Household electricity price (2 500–4 999 kWh, taxes included) €/kWhH1 20260.2440 €/kWh+2.3%23 of 36
Price level relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025117.3+0.6%9 of 36

Government

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) % of GDP2025-1.6%-0.9 pp7 of 27
Government debt % of GDP202544.4%+0.6 pp9 of 27
Government debt, total amount M€2025523,541 M€+6.6%21 of 27
Government debt (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p43.8%+0.3 pp8 of 28
Government debt held by non-residents % of GDP2025 p21.9%+2.7 pp18 of 28
Government debt held by the central bank % of GDP2025 p9.1%-1.6 pp12 of 28
Government debt held by resident banks % of GDP2025 p5.7%+0.2 pp21 of 27
Government debt held by insurers, funds and other financial corporations % of GDP2025 p6.9%-0.6 pp13 of 27
Government debt held by households % of GDP2025 p0.1%0.0 pp18 of 18
Net issuance of government debt securities % of GDPQ1 2026 p-0.8%+0.6 pp24 of 27
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p-1.0%-0.4 pp10 of 30
Total government revenue % of GDP2025 p43.3%-0.3 pp20 of 29
Total government expenditure % of GDP2025 p44.9%+0.5 pp21 of 29
Government interest payments % of GDP2025 p0.70%0.00 pp5 of 29
Apparent cost of government debt %2025 p1.7%+0.1 pp3 of 25
Government investment (GFCF) % of GDP2025 p3.50%+0.20 pp21 of 29
Tax burden (taxes and social contributions) % of GDP202439.4%-0.3 pp11 of 30
Taxes on income and wealth % of GDP202414.9%0.0 pp10 of 30
VAT % of GDP20247.0%-0.2 pp21 of 30
Social contributions % of GDP202412.6%-0.2 pp12 of 30

Government expenditure by function (COFOG)

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
General public services expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20244.1%+0.4 pp27 of 30
Defence expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.6%+0.2 pp12 of 30
Public order and safety expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.9%0.0 pp8 of 30
Economic affairs expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20244.4%-0.8 pp24 of 30
Environmental protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.6%+0.1 pp1 of 30
Housing and community amenities expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20240.6%0.0 pp14 of 30
Health expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20247.3%+0.2 pp12 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.2%0.0 pp18 of 30
Education expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20245.1%0.0 pp13 of 30
Social protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP202416.6%+0.2 pp17 of 30
General public services share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20249.3%+1.0 pp27 of 30
Defence share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20243.7%+0.6 pp12 of 30
Public order and safety share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20244.3%+0.1 pp9 of 30
Economic affairs share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20249.9%-2.0 pp22 of 30
Environmental protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20243.6%+0.1 pp1 of 30
Housing and community amenities share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20241.4%-0.1 pp15 of 30
Health share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202416.3%+0.2 pp8 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20242.7%+0.1 pp17 of 30
Education share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202411.5%0.0 pp13 of 30
Social protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202437.3%+0.1 pp15 of 30

Business and activity

10
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Industrial production index 2021 = 10008/2026 p100.9+10.2%10 of 34
Retail trade, volume of sales index 2021 = 10008/2026 p97.9+1.0%24 of 32
Residential building permits (useful floor area) index 2021 = 100Q2 2026 p115.4+95.3%10 of 35
Economic sentiment indicator index (average = 100)09/2026103.5+3.7%9 of 30
Consumer confidence balance09/2026-16.3-14.0%19 of 30
Industrial confidence balance09/20265.9—3 of 30
Active enterprises enterprises20242,424,297+5.3%7 of 34
Enterprise birth rate %20248.2%-1.2 pp29 of 34
Enterprise death rate %2024 p6.5%+1.7 pp10 of 33
R&D expenditure % of GDP20242.37%+0.07 pp8 of 32

Labour market and productivity

22
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Unemployment rate % of labour force09/20264.2%0.0 pp1 of 3
Youth unemployment rate (under 25) % of labour force09/20269.7%0.0 pp1 of 3
Unemployed persons thousand persons09/2026432+0.2%2 of 3
Unemployment rate (annual) % of labour force20253.9%+0.2 pp6 of 34
Long-term unemployment rate % of labour force20250.5%0.0 pp1 of 34
Employment rate (20–64) % of populationQ2 202683.2%-0.3 pp3 of 34
Employed persons (15–74) thousand personsQ2 20269,846+0.1%7 of 34
Employed persons per inhabitant % of population2025 p57.3%+0.1 pp4 of 33
Hours worked per inhabitant hours per year2025 p821-1.1%19 of 32
Labour productivity per hour worked relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025 p126.0+0.7%6 of 31
Labour productivity per person employed, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p112.6-0.1%6 of 31
Real labour productivity per hour, annual change %2025 p2.1%+2.7 pp11 of 32
Nominal unit labour cost, annual change %2025 p4.1%-2.4 pp18 of 33
Hours worked per employed person hours per year2025 p1,434-1.3%29 of 32
Compensation per employee € per year2025 p64,605 €+4.9%8 of 33
Compensation per hour worked € per hour2025 p47.7 €+6.0%7 of 31
Compensation per employee in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p115.30.0%6 of 31
Compensation per hour worked in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p131.3+0.6%3 of 30
Labour costs (B–S) index 2020 = 100Q2 2026 p150.3+4.4%12 of 26
Minimum wage € per monthH2 20262,338 €+4.1%4 of 29
Job vacancy rate (B–S) %Q4 2025 p3.9%-0.2 pp1 of 31
Population aged 25–64 with tertiary education %202546.1%+1.5 pp9 of 34

Households

7
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Household saving rate % of disposable income2025 p17.4%+0.7 pp4 of 12
Real household disposable income per capita, annual change %2025 p1.9%+0.4 pp2 of 12
Median equivalised income PPS202529,714 PPS+9.7%4 of 30
Gini coefficient of disposable income 0–100202525.90.0%7 of 30
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) % of population202515.8%+0.4 pp4 of 30
Housing cost overburden rate % of population20256.5%-0.4 pp17 of 30
Household debt (loans) % of GDP2025 p94.4%-0.3 pp30 of 31

External sector and financing

9
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Current account balance % of GDPQ2 20265.4%+1.0 pp6 of 32
Goods balance % of GDPQ2 20265.2%+0.8 pp6 of 32
Services balance % of GDPQ2 20264.4%0.0 pp16 of 32
Net international investment position % of GDPQ2 202625.2%-27.4 pp10 of 32
Net direct investment % of GDPQ2 20260.4%-1.9 pp13 of 32
Exports of goods M€2025875,641 M€+2.9%2 of 27
Trade balance in goods M€2025102,951 M€+7.3%3 of 27
10-year government bond yield %09/20263.56%+0.68 pp5 of 27
Real effective exchange rate (42 partners, CPI-deflated) index 2015 = 10007/2026111.67-1.0%11 of 30

Demography

6
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Population on 1 January persons202518,044,027+0.6%8 of 38
Total population change per 1,000 inhabitants20254.8-14.3%14 of 39
Net migration (including statistical adjustment) per 1,000 inhabitants2025 p5.2-13.3%17 of 39
Median age of population years202542.6+0.2%24 of 38
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64) %202532.4%+0.6 pp21 of 38
Life expectancy at birth years202481.9+0.1%19 of 37

Public-sector efficiency

2
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Employment in public administration and defence (NACE O) thousand persons2025 p684+3.5%6 of 26
Total employment (national accounts) thousand persons2025 p10,362+0.8%6 of 26