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France

EU member state In the euro area Population: 68.88 M (2025)

Source: Eurostat, data retrieved 2026-10-17; each indicator links to its dataset · Methodology and technical sheets

Economic situation

France: real GDP grew 0.7% year on year (Q2 2026); previous quarter: 0.8%; EU27: 1.5%. Harmonised inflation (HICP) stands at 3.4% (09/2026), below the EU27 average (3.8%); core inflation, excluding energy and food, is 1.8%. The unemployment rate stands at 8.6% (08/2026), up 0.4 percentage points on a year earlier; the EU27 rate is 6.2%. In 2025, general government recorded a deficit of 5.1% of GDP and public debt reached 115.6% of GDP (Treaty reference values: 3% and 60%). The current account shows a deficit of 0.9% of GDP (Q2 2026). Its best European position is in "HICP recreation, sport and culture" (2 of 36) and its worst in "Hours worked per inhabitant" (32 of 32).

Key indicators

GDP growth0.7%Q2 2026-0.1 pp year on year29 of 34 in EuropeInflation (HICP)3.4%09/2026 e+2.3 pp year on year14 of 36 in EuropeUnemployment rate8.6%08/2026+0.4 pp year on year27 of 30 in EuropeEmployment rate (20–64)75.5%Q2 2026 d-0.3 pp year on year23 of 34 in EuropeGovernment balance (% GDP)-5.1%2025+0.7 pp year on year24 of 27 in EuropePublic debt (% GDP)115.6%2025+3.0 pp year on year25 of 27 in EuropeCurrent account (% GDP)-0.9%Q2 2026+0.7 pp year on year16 of 32 in EuropeGDP per capita (EU = 100)982025 p-0.4% year on year14 of 33 in Europe

Trends

Activity: GDP, consumption and investment (real year-on-year change, %)
Prices: headline and core inflation (HICP, %)
Labour: total and youth unemployment (%)
Government balance (% of GDP)
Public debt (% of GDP)
External sector: current account, goods and services (% of GDP)
Economic sentiment (long-term average = 100)
Government expenditure by function (COFOG) →What France spends on: 10 functions and 69 sub-functions compared with the EU27, and the split by level of government.Regions of France →142 regions with indicators on population, GDP, jobs, income and well-being (NUTS 1: 14 · NUTS 2: 27 · NUTS 3: 101).
Regional competitiveness (RCI) →France's 27 regions in the Commission's index: institutions, infrastructure, labour market, innovation…Regional social progress (EU-SPI) →France's 22 regions: basic needs, foundations of wellbeing and opportunity

All indicators

143 indicators for France. Its NUTS 1, 2 and 3 regions, with their own indicators, are on the country's regions page.

GDP and national accounts

19
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Nominal GDP (quarterly) M€Q2 2026758,804 M€+2.1%2 of 35
Real GDP, year-on-year change (quarterly) %Q2 20260.7%-0.1 pp29 of 34
Real GDP, chain-linked volume (quarterly) M€ (2020)Q2 2026663,130 M€+0.7%2 of 35
Nominal GDP (annual) M€2025 p2,991,056 M€+1.9%2 of 37
Real GDP growth (annual) %2025 p0.8%-0.7 pp27 of 35
GDP per capita € per inhabitant2025 p43,350 €+1.6%13 of 35
Real GDP per capita € (2020) per inhabitant2025 p38,360 €+0.5%13 of 35
Real GDP per capita, annual change %2025 p0.5%-0.7 pp25 of 34
GDP per capita in purchasing power standards PPS per inhabitant2025 p40,716 PPS+3.6%14 of 33
GDP per capita in PPS relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025 p98-0.4%14 of 33
Household consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 20260.4%-0.3 pp30 of 34
Government consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 20261.6%+1.3 pp17 of 34
Gross fixed capital formation, real year-on-year change %Q2 2026-0.1%+0.3 pp29 of 33
Exports, real year-on-year change %Q2 20264.0%+3.4 pp16 of 34
Imports, real year-on-year change %Q2 20261.1%-2.1 pp29 of 34
Industry share of the economy % of GVA2025 p13.5%-0.5 pp31 of 37
Construction share of the economy % of GVA2025 p5.6%+0.1 pp22 of 37
Services share of the economy % of GVA2025 p79.4%+0.3 pp5 of 37
Public administration, education and health share of the economy % of GVA2025 p21.8%+0.3 pp3 of 37

Prices

28
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Consumer price level (HICP) index 2015 = 10009/2026128.73+3.4%31 of 36
HICP, annual rate of change %09/2026 e3.4%+2.3 pp14 of 36
Core HICP (excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) %09/20261.8%+0.3 pp5 of 36
HICP energy %09/202621.1%+25.4 pp27 of 36
HICP food, alcohol and tobacco %09/2026 e1.6%-0.4 pp19 of 36
HICP services %09/20262.6%+0.4 pp6 of 36
HICP non-energy industrial goods %09/2026 e0.1%0.0 pp7 of 36
HICP alcoholic beverages and tobacco %09/20261.9%-0.4 pp7 of 36
HICP clothing and footwear %09/2026-0.8%-1.5 pp12 of 36
HICP furnishings and household equipment %09/20260.2%+0.8 pp13 of 36
HICP health %09/20260.9%+0.6 pp3 of 36
HICP information and communication %09/20263.2%+5.1 pp27 of 36
HICP recreation, sport and culture %09/20260.0%-1.1 pp2 of 36
HICP education services %09/20263.4%+0.7 pp19 of 36
HICP insurance and financial services %09/20263.9%-2.8 pp25 of 36
HICP personal care and miscellaneous goods and services %09/20262.3%+0.6 pp11 of 36
HICP, annual average rate %20250.9%-1.4 pp3 of 35
HICP electricity %09/20261.4%+15.1 pp13 of 34
HICP natural gas %09/202619.9%+13.5 pp22 of 29
HICP diesel %09/202644.1%+43.4 pp23 of 35
HICP petrol %09/202625.6%+26.0 pp20 of 35
House prices index 2015 = 100Q2 2026 p125.5-0.8%26 of 28
House prices, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p-0.8%-1.5 pp27 of 29
House sales, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p2.4%-8.7 pp6 of 18
Sales of newly built dwellings, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p7.9%+12.1 pp5 of 14
Sales of existing dwellings, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p2.0%-10.6 pp5 of 16
Household electricity price (2 500–4 999 kWh, taxes included) €/kWhH1 20260.2485 €/kWh-7.0%24 of 36
Price level relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025106.5-1.9%13 of 36

Government

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) % of GDP2025-5.1%+0.7 pp24 of 27
Government debt % of GDP2025115.6%+3.0 pp25 of 27
Government debt, total amount M€20253,460,465 M€+4.7%27 of 27
Government debt (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p117.6%+4.0 pp26 of 28
Government debt held by non-residents % of GDP202562.8%+3.6 pp3 of 28
Government debt held by the central bank % of GDP202519.1%-2.6 pp4 of 28
Government debt held by resident banks % of GDP202519.4%+1.2 pp5 of 27
Government debt held by insurers, funds and other financial corporations % of GDP202513.0%+0.7 pp3 of 27
Average remaining maturity of government debt years20258.50.0%8 of 24
Net issuance of government debt securities % of GDPQ1 202613.1%+3.6 pp2 of 27
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p-6.1%0.0 pp26 of 30
Total government revenue % of GDP202552.1%+0.9 pp3 of 29
Total government expenditure % of GDP202557.2%+0.2 pp2 of 29
Government interest payments % of GDP20252.20%+0.20 pp21 of 29
Apparent cost of government debt %20251.9%+0.1 pp5 of 25
Government investment (GFCF) % of GDP20254.40%+0.10 pp15 of 29
Tax burden (taxes and social contributions) % of GDP202445.3%-0.3 pp2 of 30
Taxes on income and wealth % of GDP202412.5%-0.1 pp14 of 30
VAT % of GDP20247.1%-0.2 pp20 of 30
Social contributions % of GDP202416.5%+0.2 pp3 of 30

Government expenditure by function (COFOG)

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
General public services expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p6.2%0.0 pp8 of 30
Defence expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p1.9%+0.1 pp9 of 30
Public order and safety expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p1.8%+0.1 pp9 of 30
Economic affairs expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p5.7%-0.6 pp12 of 30
Environmental protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p1.0%0.0 pp6 of 30
Housing and community amenities expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p1.4%+0.1 pp4 of 30
Health expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p8.9%+0.1 pp4 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p1.5%0.0 pp6 of 30
Education expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p5.1%+0.1 pp13 of 30
Social protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP2024 p23.7%+0.4 pp2 of 30
General public services share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p10.8%-0.1 pp22 of 30
Defence share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p3.2%0.0 pp14 of 30
Public order and safety share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p3.1%+0.1 pp25 of 30
Economic affairs share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p9.9%-1.2 pp22 of 30
Environmental protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p1.8%0.0 pp11 of 30
Housing and community amenities share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p2.5%+0.3 pp6 of 30
Health share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p15.6%+0.1 pp11 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p2.6%0.0 pp18 of 30
Education share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p8.9%+0.1 pp28 of 30
Social protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %2024 p41.5%+0.6 pp4 of 30

Business and activity

10
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Industrial production index 2021 = 10008/202678.8+2.6%29 of 34
Retail trade, volume of sales index 2021 = 10008/2026 e126.2+1.0%8 of 32
Residential building permits (useful floor area) index 2021 = 100Q2 202663.4-12.6%25 of 35
Economic sentiment indicator index (average = 100)09/202696.2+3.4%23 of 30
Consumer confidence balance09/2026-18.4+4.7%22 of 30
Industrial confidence balance09/2026-2.4+68.8%12 of 30
Active enterprises enterprises20245,615,765+4.3%1 of 34
Enterprise birth rate %202414.2%+0.1 pp5 of 34
Enterprise death rate %2024 p10.9%+0.6 pp24 of 33
R&D expenditure % of GDP2024 p2.18%+0.01 pp9 of 32

Labour market and productivity

22
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Unemployment rate % of labour force08/20268.6%+0.4 pp27 of 30
Youth unemployment rate (under 25) % of labour force08/202622.4%+1.1 pp22 of 24
Unemployed persons thousand persons08/20262,787+6.1%30 of 30
Unemployment rate (annual) % of labour force2025 d7.7%+0.3 pp26 of 34
Long-term unemployment rate % of labour force2025 d1.8%+0.1 pp17 of 34
Employment rate (20–64) % of populationQ2 2026 d75.5%-0.3 pp23 of 34
Employed persons (15–74) thousand personsQ2 2026 d29,464-0.2%3 of 34
Employed persons per inhabitant % of population2025 p44.4%-0.1 pp30 of 33
Hours worked per inhabitant hours per year2025 p666-1.0%32 of 32
Labour productivity per hour worked relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025 p114.7+0.5%10 of 31
Labour productivity per person employed, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p107.2+0.1%9 of 31
Real labour productivity per hour, annual change %2025 p1.5%+1.5 pp20 of 32
Nominal unit labour cost, annual change %2025 p1.6%-0.7 pp5 of 33
Hours worked per employed person hours per year2025 p1,500-0.8%26 of 32
Compensation per employee € per year2025 p56,618 €+2.2%11 of 33
Compensation per hour worked € per hour2025 p40.6 €+3.3%11 of 31
Compensation per employee in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p111.30.0%8 of 31
Compensation per hour worked in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025 p123.1+0.5%7 of 30
Labour costs (B–S) index 2020 = 100Q2 2026 p117.5+2.1%25 of 26
Minimum wage € per monthH2 20261,867 €+3.6%6 of 29
Job vacancy rate (B–S) %Q4 2025 d2.4%-0.1 pp7 of 31
Population aged 25–64 with tertiary education %202544.8%+1.6 pp12 of 34

Households

7
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Household saving rate % of disposable income2024 p17.9%+1.2 pp6 of 27
Real household disposable income per capita, annual change %2024 p2.0%+1.2 pp18 of 27
Median equivalised income PPS202523,792 PPS+2.5%12 of 30
Gini coefficient of disposable income 0–100202530.4+1.3%18 of 30
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) % of population202520.8%+0.3 pp19 of 30
Housing cost overburden rate % of population20256.4%-0.6 pp16 of 30
Household debt (loans) % of GDP2025 p59.5%-0.7 pp23 of 31

External sector and financing

9
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Current account balance % of GDPQ2 2026-0.9%+0.7 pp16 of 32
Goods balance % of GDPQ2 2026-2.5%+0.5 pp17 of 32
Services balance % of GDPQ2 20263.1%+0.7 pp19 of 32
Net international investment position % of GDPQ2 2026-28.6%+0.7 pp19 of 32
Net direct investment % of GDPQ2 20261.8%+2.2 pp8 of 32
Exports of goods M€2025606,033 M€+2.3%4 of 27
Trade balance in goods M€2025-93,965 M€+8.5%27 of 27
10-year government bond yield %09/20264.44%+0.93 pp23 of 27
Real effective exchange rate (42 partners, CPI-deflated) index 2015 = 10007/2026102.53-1.9%21 of 30

Demography

6
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Population on 1 January persons2025 p68,882,600+0.3%3 of 38
Total population change per 1,000 inhabitants2025 p3.3+6.5%15 of 39
Net migration (including statistical adjustment) per 1,000 inhabitants2025 p3.4+21.4%24 of 39
Median age of population years2025 p42.8+0.5%23 of 38
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64) %2025 p35.5%+0.6 pp30 of 38
Life expectancy at birth years2024 p83.0+0.1%10 of 37

Public-sector efficiency

2
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Employment in public administration and defence (NACE O) thousand persons2025 p2,531-0.2%2 of 26
Total employment (national accounts) thousand persons2025 p30,638+0.2%2 of 26