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Denmark

EU member state Outside the euro area Population: 5.99 M (2025)

Source: Eurostat, data retrieved 2026-10-17; each indicator links to its dataset · Methodology and technical sheets

Economic situation

Denmark: real GDP grew 5.8% year on year (Q2 2026); previous quarter: 6.4%; EU27: 1.5%. Harmonised inflation (HICP) stands at 2.1% (09/2026), below the EU27 average (3.8%); core inflation, excluding energy and food, is 2.3%. The unemployment rate stands at 5.9% (08/2026), down 0.7 percentage points on a year earlier; the EU27 rate is 6.2%. In 2025, general government recorded a surplus of 2.9% of GDP and public debt reached 27.9% of GDP (Treaty reference values: 3% and 60%). The current account shows a surplus of 12.3% of GDP (Q2 2026). Its best European position is in "Industrial production" (1 of 34) and its worst in "Industrial confidence" (30 of 30).

Key indicators

GDP growth5.8%Q2 2026+3.5 pp year on year1 of 34 in EuropeInflation (HICP)2.1%09/2026-0.1 pp year on year3 of 36 in EuropeUnemployment rate5.9%08/2026-0.7 pp year on year16 of 30 in EuropeEmployment rate (20–64)79.9%Q2 2026-0.5 pp year on year13 of 34 in EuropeGovernment balance (% GDP)2.9%2025-1.6 pp year on year2 of 27 in EuropePublic debt (% GDP)27.9%2025-2.6 pp year on year3 of 27 in EuropeCurrent account (% GDP)12.3%Q2 2026-1.3 pp year on year3 of 32 in EuropeGDP per capita (EU = 100)1292025+0.2% year on year5 of 33 in Europe

Trends

Activity: GDP, consumption and investment (real year-on-year change, %)
Prices: headline and core inflation (HICP, %)
Labour: total and youth unemployment (%)
Government balance (% of GDP)
Public debt (% of GDP)
External sector: current account, goods and services (% of GDP)
Economic sentiment (long-term average = 100)
Government expenditure by function (COFOG) →What Denmark spends on: 10 functions and 69 sub-functions compared with the EU27, and the split by level of government.Regions of Denmark →17 regions with indicators on population, GDP, jobs, income and well-being (NUTS 1: 1 · NUTS 2: 5 · NUTS 3: 11).
Regional competitiveness (RCI) →Denmark's 5 regions in the Commission's index: institutions, infrastructure, labour market, innovation…Regional social progress (EU-SPI) →Denmark's 5 regions: basic needs, foundations of wellbeing and opportunity

All indicators

139 indicators for Denmark. Its NUTS 1, 2 and 3 regions, with their own indicators, are on the country's regions page.

GDP and national accounts

19
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Nominal GDP (quarterly) M€Q2 2026107,864 M€+3.9%14 of 35
Real GDP, year-on-year change (quarterly) %Q2 20265.8%+3.5 pp1 of 34
Real GDP, chain-linked volume (quarterly) M€ (2020)Q2 202695,449 M€+5.8%13 of 35
Nominal GDP (annual) M€2025417,844 M€+4.4%14 of 37
Real GDP growth (annual) %20253.5%-0.4 pp6 of 35
GDP per capita € per inhabitant202569,550 €+3.9%6 of 35
Real GDP per capita € (2020) per inhabitant202560,390 €+2.9%5 of 35
Real GDP per capita, annual change %20252.9%-0.5 pp8 of 34
GDP per capita in purchasing power standards PPS per inhabitant202553,941 PPS+4.2%5 of 33
GDP per capita in PPS relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025129+0.2%5 of 33
Household consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 20262.7%+1.2 pp14 of 34
Government consumption, real year-on-year change %Q2 20261.9%+1.6 pp14 of 34
Gross fixed capital formation, real year-on-year change %Q2 20264.1%+8.6 pp17 of 33
Exports, real year-on-year change %Q2 20267.2%+4.6 pp7 of 34
Imports, real year-on-year change %Q2 20263.1%+3.7 pp21 of 34
Industry share of the economy % of GVA202522.9%+0.7 pp5 of 37
Construction share of the economy % of GVA20255.0%+0.1 pp32 of 37
Services share of the economy % of GVA202570.5%-1.3 pp24 of 37
Public administration, education and health share of the economy % of GVA202519.4%+0.2 pp12 of 37

Prices

27
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Consumer price level (HICP) index 2015 = 10009/2026124.45+2.1%35 of 36
HICP, annual rate of change %09/20262.1%-0.1 pp3 of 36
Core HICP (excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco) %09/20262.3%+0.3 pp7 of 36
HICP energy %09/20268.7%+10.1 pp6 of 36
HICP food, alcohol and tobacco %09/2026-1.4%-5.8 pp5 of 36
HICP services %09/20263.4%0.0 pp9 of 36
HICP non-energy industrial goods %09/20260.3%+0.6 pp9 of 36
HICP alcoholic beverages and tobacco %09/20261.4%+0.5 pp3 of 36
HICP clothing and footwear %09/2026-0.6%+0.2 pp15 of 36
HICP furnishings and household equipment %09/20260.1%+0.2 pp10 of 36
HICP health %09/20261.4%+0.3 pp8 of 36
HICP information and communication %09/20263.7%-0.2 pp29 of 36
HICP recreation, sport and culture %09/20262.7%0.0 pp10 of 36
HICP education services %09/20264.1%-0.1 pp23 of 36
HICP insurance and financial services %09/20262.3%-1.0 pp12 of 36
HICP personal care and miscellaneous goods and services %09/20262.0%-0.5 pp6 of 36
HICP, annual average rate %20251.8%+0.5 pp5 of 35
HICP electricity %09/2026-10.2%+1.2 pp3 of 34
HICP natural gas %09/202623.8%+45.8 pp25 of 29
HICP diesel %09/202643.5%+34.6 pp21 of 35
HICP petrol %09/202628.1%+24.8 pp23 of 35
House prices index 2015 = 100Q2 2026165.6+9.4%21 of 28
House prices, annual rate of change %Q2 20269.4%+2.1 pp10 of 29
House sales, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 dp-4.5%-7.7 pp8 of 18
Sales of existing dwellings, annual rate of change %Q2 2026 p-4.5%-7.7 pp7 of 16
Household electricity price (2 500–4 999 kWh, taxes included) €/kWhH1 20260.2375 €/kWh-31.9%20 of 36
Price level relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025128.9-0.3%4 of 36

Government

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) % of GDP20252.9%-1.6 pp2 of 27
Government debt % of GDP202527.9%-2.6 pp3 of 27
Government debt, total amount M€2025114,502 M€-4.5%11 of 27
Government debt (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p26.8%-2.5 pp2 of 28
Government debt held by non-residents % of GDP202511.9%-0.9 pp25 of 28
Government debt held by the central bank % of GDP20250.0%0.0 pp25 of 28
Government debt held by resident banks % of GDP20253.3%-0.5 pp24 of 27
Government debt held by insurers, funds and other financial corporations % of GDP202510.8%-1.2 pp5 of 27
Average remaining maturity of government debt years20258.7+3.6%6 of 24
Net issuance of government debt securities % of GDPQ1 20260.8%+0.2 pp19 of 27
Government deficit (−) or surplus (+) (quarterly) % of GDPQ1 2026 p1.2%-1.5 pp4 of 30
Total government revenue % of GDP202551.1%-0.5 pp4 of 29
Total government expenditure % of GDP202548.1%+0.7 pp14 of 29
Government interest payments % of GDP20250.80%0.00 pp6 of 29
Apparent cost of government debt %20252.8%+0.3 pp20 of 25
Government investment (GFCF) % of GDP20253.40%+0.20 pp22 of 29
Tax burden (taxes and social contributions) % of GDP202545.1%-0.4 pp1 of 9
Taxes on income and wealth % of GDP202530.7%-0.3 pp1 of 9
VAT % of GDP20259.3%0.0 pp2 of 9
Social contributions % of GDP20250.7%0.0 pp9 of 9

Government expenditure by function (COFOG)

20
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
General public services expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20245.7%-0.2 pp13 of 30
Defence expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.8%0.0 pp10 of 30
Public order and safety expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.0%0.0 pp28 of 30
Economic affairs expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20243.1%+0.1 pp28 of 30
Environmental protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20240.4%0.0 pp27 of 30
Housing and community amenities expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20240.3%0.0 pp29 of 30
Health expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20248.3%0.0 pp6 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20241.5%0.0 pp6 of 30
Education expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP20245.6%0.0 pp7 of 30
Social protection expenditure (COFOG) % of GDP202419.6%-0.1 pp8 of 30
General public services share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202412.0%-0.4 pp14 of 30
Defence share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20243.9%+0.1 pp9 of 30
Public order and safety share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20242.1%0.0 pp30 of 30
Economic affairs share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20246.5%+0.1 pp30 of 30
Environmental protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20240.8%0.0 pp28 of 30
Housing and community amenities share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20240.7%0.0 pp27 of 30
Health share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202417.5%0.0 pp5 of 30
Recreation, culture and religion share of government expenditure (COFOG) %20243.2%0.0 pp6 of 30
Education share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202411.7%0.0 pp11 of 30
Social protection share of government expenditure (COFOG) %202441.5%0.0 pp4 of 30

Business and activity

10
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Industrial production index 2021 = 10008/2026134.2+8.6%1 of 34
Retail trade, volume of sales index 2021 = 10008/2026101.8+2.9%21 of 32
Residential building permits (useful floor area) index 2021 = 100Q2 2026 p59.2-7.9%27 of 35
Economic sentiment indicator index (average = 100)09/202693.4+1.0%26 of 30
Consumer confidence balance09/2026-9.1+38.5%14 of 30
Industrial confidence balance09/2026-16.7-21.0%30 of 30
Active enterprises enterprises2024379,306-1.0%21 of 34
Enterprise birth rate %20247.2%-0.1 pp33 of 34
Enterprise death rate %2024 p10.1%+1.7 pp22 of 33
R&D expenditure % of GDP20243.15%+0.08 pp5 of 32

Labour market and productivity

19
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Unemployment rate % of labour force08/20265.9%-0.7 pp16 of 30
Youth unemployment rate (under 25) % of labour force08/202615.0%-0.7 pp13 of 24
Unemployed persons thousand persons08/2026197-8.8%16 of 30
Unemployment rate (annual) % of labour force20256.4%+0.2 pp21 of 34
Long-term unemployment rate % of labour force20250.9%+0.1 pp7 of 34
Employment rate (20–64) % of populationQ2 202679.9%-0.5 pp13 of 34
Employed persons (15–74) thousand personsQ2 20263,112+0.9%17 of 34
Employed persons per inhabitant % of population202554.0%+0.2 pp8 of 33
Hours worked per inhabitant hours per year20257350.0%28 of 32
Labour productivity per hour worked relative to the EU27 index EU27 = 1002025137.70.0%4 of 31
Labour productivity per person employed, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025116.8+0.1%5 of 31
Real labour productivity per hour, annual change %20252.9%-0.8 pp4 of 32
Nominal unit labour cost, annual change %20250.8%-0.4 pp4 of 33
Hours worked per employed person hours per year20251,360-0.4%31 of 32
Compensation per employee € per year202568,799 €+3.3%6 of 33
Compensation per hour worked € per hour202550.9 €+3.7%6 of 31
Compensation per employee in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025111.7-0.6%7 of 31
Compensation per hour worked in PPS, EU27 = 100 index EU27 = 1002025127.6-0.6%6 of 30
Population aged 25–64 with tertiary education %202546.1%+1.0 pp9 of 34

Households

7
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Household saving rate % of disposable income202514.9%+0.6 pp7 of 12
Real household disposable income per capita, annual change %20251.5%+0.4 pp4 of 12
Median equivalised income PPS202525,296 PPS+4.1%8 of 30
Gini coefficient of disposable income 0–100202528.2-1.4%12 of 30
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) % of population202517.9%-0.1 pp10 of 30
Housing cost overburden rate % of population2025 b23.4%+8.8 pp29 of 30
Household debt (loans) % of GDP202582.6%-1.4 pp28 of 31

External sector and financing

9
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Current account balance % of GDPQ2 202612.3%-1.3 pp3 of 32
Goods balance % of GDPQ2 20269.3%-0.6 pp4 of 32
Services balance % of GDPQ2 20260.5%-0.3 pp23 of 32
Net international investment position % of GDPQ2 2026116.7%+36.3 pp2 of 32
Net direct investment % of GDPQ2 20261.5%-12.4 pp9 of 32
Exports of goods M€2025131,665 M€+6.5%13 of 27
Trade balance in goods M€202510,035 M€+5.9%7 of 27
10-year government bond yield %09/20263.29%+0.75 pp3 of 27
Real effective exchange rate (42 partners, CPI-deflated) index 2015 = 10007/2026100.60-2.7%27 of 30

Demography

6
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Population on 1 January persons20255,992,734+0.5%19 of 38
Total population change per 1,000 inhabitants20255.5+3.8%12 of 39
Net migration (including statistical adjustment) per 1,000 inhabitants20255.30.0%16 of 39
Median age of population years202542.20.0%25 of 38
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64) %202532.8%+0.3 pp24 of 38
Life expectancy at birth years202482.0+0.4%18 of 37

Public-sector efficiency

2
IndicatorPeriodValueYear-on-year changeTrendRank in Europe
Employment in public administration and defence (NACE O) thousand persons2025170+0.3%16 of 26
Total employment (national accounts) thousand persons20253,245+0.9%15 of 26